Factors that determine max Ethernet cable distance?

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I am trying to figure out WHY is the maximum distance for an Ethernet cable run 100m. Is it solely due to the resistance of the length of cable, or are there other determining factors?
 
It is the quality of the cable and the quality of the connectors. You can buy high quality cables with superior connectors that will extend the range to 300 feet, but wireless and relays are cheaper.
 
even the spec says 100meters between NICs. unless you're attempting house to house connections, that's enough for most buildings as there's frequently one or more switches between point-A and the far-end point-Z
 
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