Daniel; I'm glad you got your Win7 re-installed but you still need to visit the motherboard manufacturer or the PC vendor to download drivers. That's why you have the screwly looking screen etc....you need to start the chipset driver and then go from there...then do VGA, Audio, network card(s) etc...
Patch-wise Windows 7 only went to Service Pack 1 (SP1) although there was a convenience rollup that effectively functioned as SP2, but it was never named as such. In terms of Windows Updates. That may or may not work because extended support stopped Jan 2020. Your best bet is to find some of these updates as offline downloads. Perhaps a local computer shop could help there? If you do find them, keep them handy for the next time you need to do a wipe and format.
You should seriously consider not using this rig on the Internet for your day-to-day as you are going to be easily infected again. Microsoft is not fixing any new vulnerabilities anymore. You really should have a 2nd machine with a newer OS on it for browsing.