You should not expect major problems if it was a valid install in the first place. Continue to use the Microsoft Windows Update.
Your problem will show up when that hard drive fails.
Microsoft now has the capability to tell if you are using an unauthorized copy, but they likely will not shut you down, though they may tell you your copy is invalid and forbid further downloads from Microsoft.
You can retrieve your Windows Product ID, by downloading and running the Belarc Advisor
www.belarc.com or the Everest equipment audit. Both are free.
During their checkups they will tell you what the Windows key is. You can then print out that report.
Where you might have problems is if you have other Microsoft software installs on that machine.