My mounting bracket is here:

The center of it seems to be glued to the Mobo as it is almost impossible to remove. My question is, is there any way to get it off without damaging the motherboard, or do I need to buy a new one?

Try to get a screwdriver (non magnetic) with a straight bit to pry it off. Or try a floor tack remover if you have one. Just use something thin to put under it and pry it up. I don't know if that would damage your motherboard but I highly doubt it.

Its very possible to damage the motherboard, especially if its a low-end one. Prying it off will probably work, but be careful while you're doing it.