I left Memtest run all night so there isn't any problem with the RAM
Once again, all tests thus far indicate:
Things only fail when Windows is running. (meaning its either Windows, itself, and/or something else installed and running under Windows is bad)
Trying to unwind all your big and small issues you've reported found running under Windows is like trying to untangle a tangled ball of string. I think biting the bullet and doing a clean reinstall is your best option at this point.
A clean reinstall gives you a clean starting base to work from. So ...not only should your current products work but if you have problems again in the future, you'll know your underlying install is good (Plus you can now start running disk image backups on occasion. Have a system disk image backup if ever you need to fall back to a known and good running system again (so don't need to reinstall)
If you're (understandably) hesitant at the thought of reformatting your current drive and then must rely on current Macrium backup image (and i understand that feeling), you can also create a second backup approach to fall back on
> Remove the current hard drive and replace it with a new one
> Get a USB drive enclosure for the current drive. Then you can re-connect it as an external USB drive to any machine
Now
1) You not only have the disk image backup archive that passed validation but
2) You still have access to all the files/folders on your original HD
Notwithstanding all the above, I'll post a couple more thoughts (a bit later) after skimming your Event Log (but i'd call them "pot shots" at this point.) I'll let you ponder the reinstall for the moment and will post back again later.