As an investment
Although it is considered a digital currency, virtual currency, or "payment scheme", it is often traded as an investment and accused of being a form of investment fraud known as a Ponzi scheme. On this subject, a report by the European Central Bank, using the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's definition of a Ponzi scheme, found that the use of bitcoins shares some characteristics with Ponzi schemes, but also has characteristics of its own which contradict several common aspects of Ponzi schemes.
In contrast, The Bitcoin Project describes bitcoin exclusively as an "experimental digital currency." and does not refer to it as an investment. Reuben Grinberg has claimed some of bitcoin's supporters have argued that bitcoin is neither a security nor an investment because it fails to meet the criteria for either category.