So I just built a computer that my friend help me put together. Everything was running fine and smooth at first but then after awhile I started getting the blue screen of death and was saying something about a physical memory dump. It happens randomly, not when I'm doing anything specific. I'm kind of a noob when it comes to the technical side of computers, so if someone could help me out, that would be great.

My setup:
Windows 7
Intel Quad core 2.83
4gb ram
Geforce GTX 260
750gb hardrive
700watt PSU

Hard to advise you on Windows 7... not yet a lot of experience out here. Your devices appear to be good and appropriate for Wx 7.
BSOD's usually are caused by driver errors... so it is possible that one of the drivers for some component on your computer (Chipset, modem, Ethernet socket, video graphics, or audio) is not quite right. Or that your memory is not fast enough... or temperatures exceeded some limit.
Keep notes on how you have been using the computer when it fails.