Identify the make of your hard drive and then use one of the links below to get the manufacturers diagnostic for ISO CD. Burn the image file to a CD, boot the PC with the disc in the drive and run the diagnostics. You first need to set the CD drive to 1st in the boot order in the Bios setup.
If you do not have an image burner use this free software to make the CD.
http://www.isoimageburner.com/
ExcelStor: http://www.excelstor.com/eng/support.php?sub_id=3
Hitachi/IBM: http://www.hitachigst.com/support/downloads/
Samsung: http://www.samsung.com/global/business/hdd/support/downloads/support_in_es.html
Seagate, Maxtor & Quantum:http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/support/downloads
Western Digital:http://support.wdc.com/product/download.asp?lang=en
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Toshiba Fujitsu: http://sdd.toshiba.com/main.aspx?Path=SoftwareUtilities#diagnostic
Please provide the model number of your drive if it is Toshiba Fujitsu for further instructions, this does not run on Windows 7. I would suggest the use of the diagnostics from the Seagate link as this will work on all makes of drive and on any OS.
1. Press Start > type cmd in the search box and enter. At that c: prompt, type chkdsk /r exactly as written here with the gap before the slash, then hit Enter.
2.You will then see a message "Would you like to schedule this volume to be checked the next time the system restarts? (Y/N)"
Type Y for yes, and press enter. Then reboot the computer into normal mode. Chkdsk will start when Windows begins loading again. Let all 5 phases run and don't use or turn off the computer. It may appear to freeze at times, let it finish.(The chkdsk process may take an hour or more to complete.)
3.Chkdsk finds any corrupted files that are causing the problem and fixes them. Read the results of each phase as it finishes. During the final phase, it will notify you if it finds any corrupted files. It also checks for bad blocks on the drive surface.
4.When the Check Disk is done, it will finish loading Windows.
Click on the Start button and type sfc /scannow (include the gap) in the search box and hit Enter. The process may take a long time depending on the size of the drive, watch for the results.
http://www.memtest.org/
You need to scroll down the page until you see the three blue screenshots. Just below is the list of downloads for Memtest86+ V4.20. Click on Download - Pre-Compiled Bootable ISO (.zip)and save to your desktop, When the download is complete right click the file and select Extract Here and burn the image to a CD. In windows 7 right click the extracted file, select Open With, then select Windows Disc Image Burning Tool then follow the prompts. For all other versions of windows (if you do not have an ISO burner) download this free software. http://www.isoimageburner.com/
Boot the PC into the Bios setup and set the CD/DVD drive to 1st in the boot sequence. Insert the disk in the drive then reboot and the disc will load into dos. Leave the test to run through at least 8 cycles.
The memtest will not be 100% accurate but should easily detect any major faults.