No. not per se- but gaming does tax the system and generate a lot of heat. If you have a decent rig with a very good graphics card, adequate cooling, then you shouldn't have a problem. If you have an el cheapo system, then it will run hot and/or underpowered and you could burn the system out early. As a rule of thumb, store bought off-the-shelf systems generally aren't designed for gaming. They're built for mom and pop and students to do productivity which is a low powered, unintensive activity.
Will it mess up your files? Just about any software has the potential to corrupt your files over time, but if you practice good housekeeping, do registry repairs and house keeping software like CCleaner, you shouldn't have issues.
Heck- I have more problems on my xbox, which is a dedicated gaming device than I do on my power rig computer I recently built.