The US government disagrees:
You can find the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) study on remote work and productivity here:
https://www.bls.gov/productivity/notices/2024/productivity-and-remote-work.htm
It explores the relationship between total factor productivity (TFP) and remote work, showing a positive correlation between the two. The study found that a 1 percentage-point increase in remote workers was associated with a 0.08 percentage-point increase in TFP growth.
This information is more up to date and reliable than your sources, and your out of date sources note that even when workers productivity is less, the cost savings for the company overall outweighs any loss in productivity. Or in other works, companies can afford to hire more workers if they don't have to pay rent in an office building and that makes up for any gap in productivity.
From your sources:
"the Stanford paper points out that organizations might opt for a fully remote setup because, even after the drop in productivity, it can save money. Fully remote employees who do not require office space are cheaper, and they can be hired nationally or internationally"
"Raj Choudhury's (associate professor at Harvard Business School) research found that employees who worked in person 25% of the time were the most productive, he said, more than employees who worked more or fewer days in person.
So at best, companies that really want to maximize productivity would have to ask if paying rent in an office building is worth it to have employees come in 1 out of every 4 days. I think most companies would conclude it's not.
With that said, all of your sources are from 2023, and arguably business were still trying to figure out the best way to rebound from COVID norms and that in and of itself likely caused some productivity loss.
Here is a source from 2025 that says the opposite of your sources:
A detailed look at the state of remote and hybrid working globally in 2025, with informative statistics and insights.
neat.no
Here is another one:
With the world discovering alternative ways to work without human contact, the work from home force is getting a facelift. Companies must cope with most non-essential workers completing their work at home. Amidst a pandemic, could your productivity working from home actually be better? An Upwork...
www.apollotechnical.com
the shift in findings likely comes from evolving workplace dynamics and improved remote collaboration tools. In 2023, many studies found that fully remote work led to communication challenges, weaker mentoring, and lower engagement, which hurt productivity. However, by 2025, companies had adapted; investing in better virtual collaboration tools, structured hybrid models, and AI-driven workflow optimization.
Additionally, early remote work studies often focused on short-term disruptions from the pandemic, while newer research examines long-term trends. As businesses refined their strategies, productivity stabilized, especially in hybrid work models.
Additionally, in populated areas remote workers make up ~30% of the work force. I don't know when the last time you drove in rush hour was, but how do you think dumping 30% more cars on the road is going to impact productivity?
Source:
https://www.roberthalf.com/us/en/insights/research/remote-work-statistics-and-trends
And a simple Google search will find plenty more…
I'd also like to point out that I supplied EVIDENCE for what I stated... you provided nothing - other outdated and cherry-picked articles that you didn't even read.
Please don't bother me further with this if you're going to continue to argue from a place of disingenuous bias for a preferential outcome. The facts are on my side of the argument and in the end that is all that matters. I'm not going to run out of facts before you run out of steam, I promise.
