Literally all 50 states have engineering licensing requirements. And no, your degree doesn't make you a "professional engineer".
Your degree lets you sit for the "engineering in training" exam, which lets you call yourself an EIT or apprentice engineer. After 4 years of being an EIT, under a licensed professional engineer, you can sit for your professional engineer exam. Pass that, and you are a licensed PE who can sign their own work.
When you go to work without doing the EIT or PE exam, you are covered under umbrella liability policies at the company you work for - who has a PE somewhere in the organization, who's license is providing that coverage. That PE is supposed to check all designs they are responsible for, for things like safety and compliance with specifications. Then they sign the work, and production begins. If they don't review, sign off on it, and a safety issue or design flaw crops up, its their license on the line.