History articles

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Apple turns 50 with a legacy of reinventing the personal computer

Through the looking glass: Apple turned 50 this week as a multi-trillion-dollar platform company built around the iPhone, the most successful product ever made, along with laptops, tablets, smartwatches, audio gear, and a multitude of digital services. But it all began as a bare circuit board passed around a hobbyist club in Silicon Valley.
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The first microprocessor was not Intel's 4004, it was a secret 8x faster chip inside the F-14 Tomcat

But what is a microprocessor, really?
Classified history: Intel's 4004 has long been celebrated as a milestone in the early history of personal computing. However, decades after its introduction, it's been revealed that an iconic fighter jet used a similar processor that predated Intel's invention and was far more advanced.
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AMD's Am9080 at 50: The reverse-engineered chip that launched AMD into the CPU era

The unlikely microprocessor that launched AMD into a contender
Recap: Fifty years after its debut, the Am9080 remains an inflection point in AMD's evolution into a semiconductor manufacturer. It wasn't AMD's architecture and it wasn't yet innovation in the sense the industry remembers AMD for today – but it was proof that the company could build a cutting-edge CPU end-to-end, from silicon layout to packaging to military-grade qualification.