US researchers refine ion engines that could make chemical rockets look obsolete
The big picture: In deep-space travel, the race is no longer about who has the biggest rocket – it's about who can build the smartest plasma engine. As the competition to reach Mars intensifies, engineers in the US, Russia, and China are accelerating development of propulsion systems that trade conventional fuel for charged particles and magnetic fields.
The big picture: Solar wind is a stream of electromagnetically charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun, the corona, and it permeates every planet and cosmic object in the Solar System. When something changes in the amount of charged particles, unexpected and extreme atmospheric phenomena can be observed.